Psicoterapias cognitivas / Cognitive therapies

AT Beck formuló la teoría congnitiva hace ya más de 50 años y, desde entonces, su aplicación terapéutica ha evolucionado paralelamente a los avances en neurociencias. La terapia cognitiva y la terapia cognitivoconductual se refieren a procedimientos terapéuticos similares y la denominación puede usarse indistintamente. Constituyen el modelo de tratamiento psicológico con mayor soporte empírico basado en la evidencia, y su eficacia y efectividad se demuestran para un amplio grupo de trastornos psiquiátricos y problemas psicológicos. Esta evidencia es especialmente relevante en su aplicación a los trastornos depresivos: es el tratamiento psicológico recomendado, e incluso de elección, por las principales guías de práctica clínica, al mismo nivel de eficacia que los fármacos antidepresivos para algunas formas de presentación clínica de la depresión. En los últimos 15 años, en busca de una mayor especificidad terapéutica, se ha desarrollado un grupo heterogéneo de tratamientos cognitivoconductuales que, basándose en similares propuestas etiológicas y comprensión del trastorno (la importancia del procesamiento cognitivo de la información para la regulación emocional), proponen incidir en el proceso del pensamiento disfuncional más que en su contenido. Se trata de las denominadas terapias de tercera generación. Más recientemente, la terapia cognitiva ha progresado estableciendo sus bases neurobiológicas, y de ello se derivan nuevas propuestas terapéuticas: terapias de remediación cognitiva centradas en mejorar la disfunción cognitiva de la depresión, con resultados muy prometedores, pero aún pendientes de validación (AU)

Cognitive theory was formulated more than 50 years ago by Beck. Since then, its therapeutic applications have evolved in parallel with advances in neuroscience. Cognitive therapy and cognitive behavioural therapy refer to similar therapeutic procedures and the terms can be used interchangeably. They constitute the most evidence-based empirical model of psychological treatment and have demonstrated their efficiency and effectiveness in a wide range of psychiatric disorders and psychological conditions. This evidence is particularly strong for their application in depressive disorders. In the main clinical practice guidelines, cognitive therapy is the recommended psychological treatment, and even the treatment of choice, for these disorders, and has the same efficiency level as antidepressants for some of the clinical presentations of depression. In the search for greater therapeutic specificity, a heterogeneous group of cognitive-behavioural treatments have been developed in the last 15 years. These new cognitive-behavioural treatments, based on similar aetiological models and understanding of the disorder (the importance of cognitive information processing to achieve emotional regulation), propose to focus on the process of dysfunctional thought rather than on its content. These treatments are known as "third-wave" cognitive-behavioural therapies. More recently, cognitive therapy has progressed by establishing its neurological basis, resulting in new therapeutic proposals: cognitive remediation therapies, which focus on improving cognitive dysfunction in depressive disorders. The results are promising but require validation (AU)

Suicidal ideation and suicidal behaviour in delusional disorder: a clinical overview.

Background. Most of the existing studies suggest that suicide is one of the leading causes of premature death in patients with chronic psychotic disorders. However, very few studies have specifically investigated suicidal behaviour in patients with delusional disorder. Thus, our objective was to review the literature regarding the percentage of lifetime ideation and suicidal behaviour in delusional disorder in order to provide suggestions for clinical practice. Methods. MEDLINE and PsycINFO were searched from January 1980 to September 2012 using the following keywords: delusional disorder, paranoia, suicidal ideation, and suicidal behaviour. Results. A total of 10 studies were identified and included in the review. The percentage of suicidal behaviour in delusional disorder was established between 8 and 21%, which is similar to schizophrenia. Suicidal ideation and suicide attempts were more frequent in patients showing persecutory and somatic delusions in the reviewed studies. Conclusions. To the best of our knowledge this is the first attempt to specifically review the suicide phenomenon in patients with delusional disorder. Interestingly, our results support the notion that percentages of both suicidal ideation and behaviour in delusional disorder are similar to patients with schizophrenia.

Delusional disorder: An overview of affectivesymptoms and antidepressant use

Background and Objectives: In clinical practice, the coexistence of delusionsand affective symptoms is often observed. The current Diagnostic and StatisticalManual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition- Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR) accepts the existenceof mood disturbances in delusional disorder. Little research has been done regardingthis field and prevalence rates are unclear. Our purpose was to review the frequency ofaffective symptoms in delusional disorder patients and to identify the proportion of thesepatients that are reported to be treated with antidepressants.Methods: Three electronic databases were searched from 1980 to July 2012: MEDLINE,PsycINFO and PubMed, using the following keywords: delusional disorder, depression,affective illness, antidepressants and paranoia.Results: A high frequency of affective disturbances was found in this population (21-55.8%). In contrast, a low antidepressants prescription rate was shown. When focusing ondelusional disorder somatic subtype, a particularly high mood disorder comorbidity ratewas described and a good efficacy of antidepressant drugs was reported, in monotherapyor in combination with antipsychotics (AU)

Tratamiento de la depresión con bupropión en monoterapia / No disponible

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Papel de bupropión en el tratamiento de la depresión resistente. Manejo de bupropión en combinación / No disponible

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Uso de bubropión en pacientes ancianos / No disponible

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Bupropión y patología dual / No disponible

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Tolerancia y perfil de efectos secundarios de bupropión / No disponible

No disponible

Bupropión y depresión bipolar / No disponible

No disponible